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  "Title": "A Two-Step Approach to Testing Overall Effect of\nGene-Environment Interaction for Multiple Phenotypes",
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  "Date": "2026-03-09",
  "Authors@R": "c(person(\"Arunabha\", \"Majumdar\", email = \"statgen.arunabha@gmail.com\", role = c(\"aut\", \"cre\")), person(\"Tanushree\", \"Haldar\", email = \"tanushree.haldar@gmail.com\", role = \"aut\"))",
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  "Description": "Interaction between a genetic variant (e.g., a single\nnucleotide polymorphism) and an environmental variable (e.g.,\nphysical activity) can have a shared effect on multiple\nphenotypes (e.g., blood lipids). We implement a two-step method\nto test for an overall interaction effect on multiple\nphenotypes. In first step, the method tests for an overall\nmarginal genetic association between the genetic variant and\nthe multivariate phenotype. The genetic variants which show an\nevidence of marginal overall genetic effect in the first step\nare prioritized while testing for an overall gene-environment\ninteraction effect in the second step. Methodology is available\nfrom: A Majumdar, KS Burch, T Haldar, S Sankararaman, B\nPasaniuc, WJ Gauderman, JS Witte (2020)\n<doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa1083>.",
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      "title": "An example of data of the environmental variable (e.g., smoking status). Here, environment_data is a data frame with single column for the environmental variable. The order of the 500 individuals in the row must be the same as provided in the phenotype and genotype data. Here, the environmental variable has two categories which were coded as 1 and 0 (e.g., smokers and non-smokers). Instead of numeric values, these can also be considered to be factors in the absence of a defined order in the categories.",
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      "name": "mv_G_GxE_pvalues",
      "title": "An example of step 1 (marginal genetic association) and step 2 (GxE interaction) p-values across genetic variants (SNPs). Here, mv_G_GxE_pvalues is a data.frame with three columns. First column lists the set of 1000 genetic variants. Second column provides the vector of p-values obtained from testing the marginal multivariate genetic association for these SNPs. And the third column provides the vector of p-values obtained from testing the overall GxE effect in presence of possible marginal genetic effect and marginal environmental effect.",
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      "title": "MPGE: an R package to implement a two-step approach to testing overall effect of gene-environment interaction for multiple phenotypes.",
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